Job Interview C Programming Interview Questions and Answers

71) What is the purpose of scanf() and printf() functions?
=> The function scanf() is used for formatted input from the standard input and provides many of the conversion facilities.
=> It is used for formatted output to standard output device, that is, screen. The format specification string and the data to be output, are the arguments (parameters) to the printf() function.

72) What is type qualifiers?
Type qualifier adds properties to an identifier. Type qualifiers describe the manner in which the object will be modified. The application of qualifiers to an object does not affect the range or the arithmetic properties of the object.

73) What are the types of type qualifiers in c?
The two type qualifiers provided by C are :
=> const
=> volatile

74) What is meant by inheritance?
Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire properties of objects of another class..

75) Do string constants represent numerical values?
No, the string constants donot have a corresponding numerical value.

76) What is meant by operator precedence?
Operator precedence describes the order in which C evaluates different operators in a complex expression.

77) What is an Operator?
An operator is a symbol, which instructs the computer to perform the specified manipulation over some data. The rich set of operators available in C enable us to write efficient and concise programs and this fact serves to set C apart from any other programming languages.

78) What are the types of operators in c?
=> Assignment operator
=> Arithmetic operators
=> Relational operators
=> Logical operators
=> Increment/Decrement operators
=> Shorthand arithmetic assignment operators
=> Conditional operator
=> Bitwise operators
=> Sizeof() operator
=> Comma operator

79) What is a ternary operator in C?
Perhaps the most unusual operator in C language is one called the conditional expression operator. Unlike all other operators in C which are either unary or binary operators the conditional expression operator is a ternary operator; that is, it takes three operands. The two symbols that are used to denote this operator are the question mark (?) and the colon (:). The first operand is placed before the ?, the second between the ? and the and the third after the :.

80) What is assignment operator?
An operator is a symbol that operates on a certain data type.In C, the ’=’ symbol is known as the assignment operator. It sots the value of the variable on the left hand side of it to that of the right hand side of it.

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Frequently Asked C Programming Interview Questions and Answers

61) What is character constants?
A character constant is a single character, enclosed within the pair of single quotation mark (apostrophes).

62) What is string constants?
A string constant or literal contains a sequence of zero or more characters or escape seauences enclosed in double Quotation marks.

63) What is integer constants?
An integer constant is an integer-valued number. It can represent decimal, octal, or hexadecimal values.

64) What is floating point constants?
Floating-point constants are numbers with decimal parts. A floating-point constants consists of :
=> An integral part
=> A decimal point
=> A fractional part
=> An exponent part
=> An optional suffix

65) What is the difference between fread and fwrite function?
The fread() function returns the number of items read. This value may be less than count if the end of the file is reached or an error occurs. The fwrite() function returns the number of items written. This value will equal count unless an error occurs.

66)What are the uses of a pointer?
=> Pointer is used in the following cases
=> It is used to access array elements
=> It is used for dynamic memory allocation
=> It is used in Call by reference
=> It is used in data structures like trees, graph, linked list etc.

67) What are linker error?
The Linker Errors occur during the linking process when the external symbols referred to by the program are not resolved.

68) What are runtime error?
The Runtime Errors occur while a program is being run and hence the name. They occur due to both program internal and external factors.

69) When do we get logical errors?
=> The Logical Errors occur if the solution procedure for the given problem itself is wrong.
=> In this case, the outputs produced by the programs would be incorrect.
=> Correcting the solution procedure itself by better understanding of the problem eliminates these errors.
=> The Logical Errors (if any) are to be figured out by ourselves by verifying the outputs that are produced by the program.

70) Do character constants represent numerical values?
Yes, each character constant associates an integer value with it.

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Latest C Programming Interview Questions and Answers

41) What is the difference between single charater constant and string constant?
=> A single character constant consists of only one character and it is enclosed within a pair of single quotes.
=> A string constant consists of one or more characters and it is enclosed within a pair of double quotes.

42) What is signed and unsigned?
A numeric value, may have a positive or a negative sign. In the memory, for a variable, one bit is used exclusively to maintain the sign of the data. If we don't have sign, the sign bit also may be used for data. If the value is negative, the sign bit is 1, and if it is positive, it will be 0.

43) What are the different categories of functions in C?
=> In C, the functions can be divided into the following categories :
=> Functions with no arguments and no return values
=> Functions having arguments but no return values
=> Functions having arguments and return values also

44) What is this pointer?
It is a pointer that points to the current object. This can be used to access the members of the current object with the help of the arrow operator

45) What is zero based addressing?
The array subscripts always start at zero. The compiler makes use of subscript values to identify the elements in the array. Since subscripts start at 0, it is said that array uses zerobased addressing.

46) What is a loop?
A loop is a process to do a job repeatedly with possibly different data each time. The statements executed each time constitute the loop body, and each pass is called iteration. A condition must be present to terminate the loop.

47) What are the types of data types and explain?
There are five basic Data types in C. These are :
=> void : means nothing i.e. no data involvement in an action
=> char : to work with all types of characters used in computer operations
=> int : to work with an integer type of data in any computational work
=> float : to work with the real type of data or scientific numbers in the exponential form
=> double : to work with double precision of numbers when the approximation is very crucial.

48) What is friend function?
The function declaration should be preceded by the keyword friend.The function definitions does not use either the keyword or the scope operator ::.
The functions that are declared with the keyword friend as friend function.Thus, a friend function is an ordinary function or a member of another class.

49) What is break statement?
When a break is encountered inside a loop, the loop is terminated and the control passes to the statement following the body of the loop.

50) What is the use of getchar() function?
It returns a character just entered from the standard input unit, that is, keyboard. The entered character can be either assigned to a character variable or echoed to the computer screen.

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C Programming Interview Questions and Answers

11) What is C token?
The smallest individual units of a C program are known as tokens.

12) List the different types of C tokens?
=> Constants
=> Identifiers
=> Keywords
=> Operators
=> Special symbols
=> Strings

13) What is a string?
A string is a sequence of characters ending with NUL. It can be treated as a one–dimensional array of characters terminated by a NUL character.

14) What are qualifiers?
Qualifiers or modifiers are identifiers that may precede the scalar data types (except float) to specify the number of bits used for representing the respective type of data in memory. The qualifiers in C are short, long, signed, and unsigned.

15) What is a function?
A function is a set of statements to perform a specific task.

16) What is a constant?
A constant is a value that does not change during the program execution. A constant used in C does not occupy memory.

17) What are the different types of constants?
=> There are five types of constants. They are :
=> Integer constants
=> Floating point constants
=> Character constants
=> String literals
=> Enumeration constants

18) What is variable?
An identifier is used to identify and store some value. If the value of the identifier is changed during the execution of the program, then the identifier is known as variable.

19) What are the rules for the identifier?
=> The first character must be an alphabet or underscore (_)
=> Digits may be included in the variable
=> The maximum number of characters in a word are 32 (It may vary depending upon the platform)
=> No other special characters are allowed.

20) What are global variables?
Global Variables are those, which are required to be acccessed by all the functions defined after their declaration. So, the variables declared before the main {) can be acccessed by all the functions, which follow their declaration.

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100 Top C Programming Interview Questions and Answers

1) Who invented C Language?
Dennis Ritchie in 1972 developed a new language by inheriting the features of both BCPL and B and adding additional features. He named the language as just C.

2) Who invented B Language?
Ken Thomson at AT&T Bell Labs developed a language and named it B. Even the B language was found to have some short comings to support development of both business
applications and system software.

3) Who invented BCPL Language?
Basic Combined Programming Language(BCPL) was developed by Martin Richards, Cambridge university.

4) Why C Language?
C is one of the high level languages. It is a general purpose language, which means it can be used to write programs of any sort.

5) What are the features of C Langauges?
=> In C one can write programs like that of high level languages as in COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN etc. as well as it permits very close interaction with the inner workings of the computer.
=> It is a general purpose programming language. It is usually called system programming language but equally suited to writing a variety of applications.
=> It supports various data types
=> It follows the programming style based on fundamental control flow constructions for structured programming
=> Functions may be predefined or user defined and they may return values of basic types, structures, unions or pointers.

6)What are the advantages of c language?
=> Easy to write
=> Rich set of operators and functions that are built–in
=> Support for bit–wise operation
=> Flexible use of pointers
=> Direct control over the hardware
=> Ability to access BIOS/DOS routines
=> Interacting using Interrupts
=> Ability to write TSR programs
=> Ability to create .COM files
=> Ability to create library files (.LIB)
=> Ability to write interface programs
=> Incorporating assembly language in C program

7) What are the disadvantages of c language?
=> C is considered difficult to learn
=> Because of its conciseness, the code can be difficult to follow
=> It is not suited to applications that require a lot of report formatting and data file manipulation

8) What are the salient features of c languages?
=> The following are the salient features of C language are :
=> C is called a middle level language
=> C supports structured design approach
=> C is extensible
=> C is rich in data types and operators
=> C is portable

9) What is a header file?
Header files provide the definitions and declarations for the library functions. Thus, each header file contains the library functions along with the necessary definitions and declarations. For example, stdio.h, math.h, stdlib.h, string.h etc.

10) What is character set?
Character set is the set of characters allowed and supported in the programming language.
Generally a program is a collection of instructions, which contain groups of characters. Only a limited set of characters is allowed to write instructions in the program.

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